Fuyant une guerre civile dans son pays, un Africain trouve refuge en Haïti
Written by admin on June 27, 2022
Publié le 2022-06-21 | lenouvelliste.com Ce lundi marque la commémoration de la Journée mondiale des réfugiés. Si les Haïtiens se réfugient un peu partout à travers le monde, fuyant notamment l’insécurité et la vie chère, des ressortissants d’autre pays font le chemin inverse. En effet, l’agence onusienne des réfugiés (UNHCR) compte pas moins d’une douzaine de réfugiés et de demandeurs d’asile en Haïti, a raconté Thomas, originaire d’un pays de l’Afrique centrale, et qui s’est lui aussi réfugié en Haïti depuis plus de 10 ans, en raison des menaces sur sa vie.
Thomas explique au Nouvelliste qu’il a débarqué en Haïti en septembre 2011 pour travailler comme chef de projet pour une organisation internationale. En 2014, il a obtenu un mandat pour une nouvelle mission dans un autre pays en Afrique centrale. Après ce mandat, il a décidé de revenir en Haïti. « J’ai pris la décision de revenir chez moi, ici à Port-au-Prince. Je me sens établi ici et je crains pour ma vie dans mon pays où il y a une rébellion armée. Ce qui contraint les populations à se déplacer à l’interne et parfois à se réfugier dans d’autres pays. J’avais tenté de retourner dans mon pays mais je me suis senti menacé. En septembre 2013, j’ai déposé une demande d’asile au commissariat des Nations unies pour les réfugiés en Haïti. Ma demande a été approuvée », explique-t-il.
Demandant à Thomas d’établir une comparaison entre les niveaux d’insécurité en Haïti et dans son pays, il croit que la situation est certes difficile en Haïti mais les menaces sont pires chez lui. « Il y a une crise politique caractérisée par des rebellions armées. Plusieurs groupes s’affrontent. Ce que nous vivons chez moi, c’est comme ce que vivent les Ukrainiens. Dans le cas de l’Ukraine, la menace provient de la Russie, donc de l’extérieur, alors que pour nous, la menace est interne. Je ne veux pas minimiser ce qui se passe ici. D’ailleurs je vis dans la plaine du Cul-de-Sac. En Haïti, il y a des gangs armés. Mais ce ne sont pas des rebellions. Les gangs ne visent pas systématiquement des ethnies ou des communautés. C’est un contexte différent. Mais l’insécurité reste quand même l’insécurité. Même si ce n’est pas la même chose en Afrique. Le niveau de menace est plus élevé là-bas », dit-il.
Thomas a un bac + 5 en sciences économiques. Il a travaillé comme chef de projet au sein d’une ONG avant de soumettre sa demande d’asile. Ensuite, il a travaillé comme consultant pour certaines entreprises, institutions et un parti politique. Il est père de deux filles. Et selon lui, la naissance de ces filles est la chose la plus merveilleuse qui lui soit arrivée. « À chaque fois que je leur rends visite, elles me procurent tellement de bonheur. Elles m’aident à améliorer mon créole », raconte-t-il, soulignant que, malheureusement, il n’entretient plus de relation avec la mère de ses deux enfants.
S’il arrive quand même à s’intégrer et à s’adapter en Haïti, la vie n’est pas toujours rose pour Thomas ici. Il indique avoir vécu de nombreuses déconvenues. « En Haïti, il y a des gens qui m’ont exploité. Ici on utilise le verbe anglais use. J’ai travaillé pour eux mais ils ont refusé de me payer. Je n’ai pas choisi la confrontation, je préfère négocier avec eux pour récupérer mon argent. Ensuite, j’ai subi plusieurs braquages notamment en revenant d’une banque et dans un tap-tap. Ce n’est pas facile d’obtenir un bon boulot. J’entends dire ici qu’il faut avoir « marenn ak parenn ». Les Haïtiens sont un peuple hospitalier. Mais on refuse de m’appeler par mon nom. On m’appelle toujours l’Africain. Cela me fait beaucoup de peine. J’ai déjà croisé quelqu’un qui m’a demandé de rentrer chez moi. J’ai été choqué de l’entendre. Mais je sais aussi qu’il s’agit d’une action isolée. Sur l’ensemble, les Haïtiens sont très hospitaliers. Je les adore », témoigne-t-il.
Vivant dans un quartier dans la plaine du Cul-de-Sac, Thomas a vécu les affrontements entre les gangs 400 Mawozo et celui dirigé par « Chen mechan ». Comme tous les riverains, il était lui aussi contraint de rester chez lui. Il a expliqué au journal comment il a vécu tout ça et pourquoi il ne compte pas déménager. « C’était effrayant. Mes voisins paniquaient. Etant donné que je viens d’un pays qui a vécu plusieurs décennies de guerre, je me suis dit que j’ai déjà vécu des cas similaires. Je n’avais pas trop paniqué. J’ai appliqué certaines règles de sécurité. Je suis resté chez moi. Je n’ai pas bougé parce que comme étranger j’avais estimé que c’était très dangereux de m’aventurer à l’extérieur. J’aimerais bien déménager. Mais ce que j’ai compris, l’insécurité n’épargne aucune partie du territoire. On peut par exemple laisser la plaine en direction de Delmas, mais la même chose peut se produire dans la zone où tu vas t’installer. Ces incidents peuvent survenir n’importe où. L’important c’est de trouver un moyen pour se protéger », estime-t-il.
Thomas reste en contact avec ses parents dans son pays d’origine. Ces derniers ne peuvent pas s’empêcher d’éprouver des inquiétudes pour sa sureté. Il indique qu’il tente à chaque fois de les rassurer, convaincu qu’il sera plus en danger s’il retourne dans son pays. En attendant que les choses se calment chez lui, Thomas indique qu’il profite au maximum de la cuisine, du créole et de la musique haïtiens.
NDLR : Thomas est un nom d’emprunt. Des informations précises sur le pays d’origine de l’intervenant et ses affectations ne sont pas précisées afin de ne pas compromettre sa sécurité.
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